Abstract
The limitations of water quality management and assessment methods in China can be ascertained by comparison with other countries. However, it is unreasonable to use a uniform standard to evaluate water quality throughout China because one standard cannot fully account for the regional differences in background water quality. This study aimed to provide a basis for environmental water management decision-making. Areas seriously affected by background pollutants were identified by comparing several factors across 31 provinces in China. By coupling an improved export coefficient model (ECM) with a mechanistic model, a suitable pollutant yield coefficient was determined and its rationality was analysed. The export coefficient model was applied to estimate the pollutant (chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) output of the basin in 2015. The spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants were determined by simulating the pollutant outputs of 22 sub-basins and nine water function zones. For the year 2020, the simulation results of pollutant outputs far exceed the sewage discharge limit in water function zones and the pollutant concentration was much higher than the standard. Considering background pollutant outputs, more reasonable sewage discharge limit and water quality evaluation method are proposed.
Highlights
The water environment is closely related to human life and production, and its protection, control, and management, as well as prevention of pollution, are the focus of scholars in the field of environmental research [1,2,3,4,5]
The Tangwang River Basin is divided into nine water function zones
Economic, in and natural environments of 31 provinces in China and considering the results this comparison combination with the water quality standards for water considering the results of thisthat comparison in combination the water quality standards for water function zones, it was clear the surface water qualitywith of Heilongjiang
Summary
The water environment is closely related to human life and production, and its protection, control, and management, as well as prevention of pollution, are the focus of scholars in the field of environmental research [1,2,3,4,5]. With the development of the economy in China, the government is paying increasingly more attention to environmental problems, further illustrating the importance of addressing environmental issues by expanding the functions of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in the institutional reform program of the state council, 2018. In 2011, the strictest water resources management system (three red lines) was proposed by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China to control the total water consumption, improve water use efficiency, and limit sewage discharge. The sewage discharge limit implies the control of the regional water environment, that is, developing the economy while ensuring the safety of the water ecological environment.
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