Abstract
.Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor muscle oxygen saturation () is rapidly expanding into applied sports settings. However, the technology is limited due to its inability to convey quantifiable values. A test battery to assess reliability and validity of a 0% to 100% scale modeled by a commercially available NIRS device was established. This test battery applies a commonly used technique, the arterial occlusion method (AOM) to assess repeatability, reproducibility, and face validity. A total of 22 participants completed the test battery to scrutinize the 0% to 100% scale provided by the device. All participants underwent repeated AOM tests in passive and active conditions. The minimum and maximum values were obtained from the AOM and were used in the subsequent analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility were tested for equivalency and Bland–Altman plots were generated. Face validity was assessed by testing values against an a priori defined threshold for mixed venous blood during AOM response. The device exhibits an appropriately functional 0% to 100% scale that is reliable in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. Under the conditions applied in the test battery design, the device is considered valid for application in sports.
Highlights
In recent years, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has developed into an affordable and readily available technology
The data show that the SmO2 max hyperemia has a greater degree of variation than SmO2 min as a result of the arterial occlusion method (AOM) (Fig. 5)
The results indicate to a certain degree an effectiveness in maximizing the sensitivity of the NIRS-derived SmO2 signal as long as the adipose tissue thickness (ATT) thickness remains within the recommended penetration depth threshold of 15 mm
Summary
Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has developed into an affordable and readily available technology. The application of this technology in athletic settings is expanding, as fundamental questions are being addressed.[1] One of the major concerns in the application of NIRS in athletic settings is that common limitations of NIRS are not well understood and need to be properly addressed, while still allowing the technology to be utilized for its clear advantages.[2,3]. Without knowing the photon path length, it is impossible to derive quantifiable values from the returning NIRS signal This has the effect that NIRS output is in relative values, most often expressed as arbitrary units of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb). To increase the robustness of the relative values, it is often recommended to use a saturation in a percentage using the following equation:[5,6]
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