Abstract
This study deals with the inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) technology applied to power a deep implant with no fixed position. The usage of a large primary coil is here proposed in order to obtain a nearly uniform magnetic field inside the human body at intermediate frequencies (IFs). A simple configuration of the primary coil, derived by the Helmholtz theory, is proposed. Then, a detailed analysis is carried out to assess the compliance with electromagnetic field (EMF) safety standards. General guidelines on the design of primary and secondary coils are provided for powering or charging a deep implant of cylindrical shape with or without metal housing. Finally, three different WPT coil demonstrators have been fabricated and tested. The obtained results have demonstrated the validity of the proposed technology.
Highlights
The wireless power transfer (WPT) technology can be applied to power or charge an active implantable medical device (AIMD)
The first one is based on the inductive coupling between two coils: the primary coil is worn by the patient, while the secondary coil is installed in the AIMD
Bottom, (b) front-back, (c) right-left. Another important key factor in the design of deep implants powering system is the choice of the optimal frequency. It depends on many factors, such as: the electro-geometric configuration of the coils and of the human body composed of different biological tissues; the AIMD depth and orientation; the compliance with the basic restrictions (BRs); the power to be transferred to the load
Summary
The wireless power transfer (WPT) technology can be applied to power or charge an active implantable medical device (AIMD). The other popular WPT technology used for biomedical applications is based on midfield wireless powering (MWP) [9,10] This last technology relays the properties of the field propagation inside biological tissues at radiofrequency (RF) that permits creation of a high-energy density region deep in tissues suitable to energize an AIMD. The MRC technology has the advantage of operating at IFs where the field attenuation in biological tissues is quite negligible It can be applied for high power transfer, but when powering deep implants it has a big limitation due to the exponential decay of the magnetic field produced by a planar coil. The main novelty of the present study is the procedure to select the optimal frequency to wirelessly power deep implants using the near-field MRC technology This result is achieved by maximizing the transferred power while being compliant with the EMF exposure limits. Three different WPT coil demonstrators have been fabricated and tested to verify the validity of the proposed method
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