Abstract
The spin manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with high efficiency is associated with the optimized performance of a microwave antenna. We theoretically and experimentally compared two kinds of custom-built microwave antennas, namely, copper wire and ring microstrip antennas, in terms of frequency and impedance matching, near-field radiation distribution, spin excitation performance through energy distribution, Smith chart, and electron spin resonance. We observed that the microstrip antenna showed decreased impedance deviation errors by more than one half, as determined from the Smith chart and microwave echo loss, and its transmission efficiency was much lower than that of the copper wire antenna as determined by scattering parameter comparison. In addition, we found that the normalized contrast of the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra of the microstrip antenna is 5 times greater than that of the copper wire antenna as determined using our custom-built confocal microscopy system under the same conditions.
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