Abstract
Periodontal and per-implant microsurgery have revolutionized the field of dental surgery, enabling precise and minimally invasive procedures with improved outcomes. The advent of microsurgical instruments, enhanced magnification systems, and specialized suturing techniques has allowed clinicians to achieve superior aesthetic and functional results while minimizing patient discomfort and morbidity. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as digital planning and guided surgery have complemented microsurgical techniques, enabling more predictable outcomes and patient-centered treatment approaches. The review aims to discuss the principles of microsurgery, including flap design, tissue handling, and suture placement, and explores their applications in the management of mucogingival defects and periimplantitis. Continued research and clinical advancements in this field are essential to further enhance treatment outcomes and refine surgical protocols for the benefit of patients and practitioners.
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