Abstract
Eight streptophenazines (A–H) have been identified so far as products of Streptomyces strain HB202, which was isolated from the sponge Halichondria panicea from the Baltic Sea. The variation of bioactivities based on small structural changes initiated further studies on new derivatives. Three new streptophenazines (I–K) were identified after fermentation in the present study. In addition, revised molecular structures of streptophenazines C, D, F and H are proposed. Streptophenazines G and K exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against the facultative pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis and against Bacillus subtilis. All tested compounds (streptophenazines G, I–K) also showed moderate activities against PDE 4B.
Highlights
Phenazines consist of two benzene rings linked through two nitrogen atoms and have been isolated as secondary metabolites of bacteria (Figure 1)
The chromatogram of the marine Streptomyces strain HB202 showed a number of peaks which indicate the appearance of a huge number of phenazines in one fermentation approach
Eight of these streptophenazines were described by Mitova et al [10] and revised by Yang et al (A, B, E [11], G [12]) and in this publication (C, D, F, H)
Summary
Phenazines consist of two benzene rings linked through two nitrogen atoms and have been isolated as secondary metabolites of bacteria (Figure 1). Through replacement of the two phenyl groups at position C-2 and N-5, physicochemical properties as well as anti-tuberculosis potency could be enhanced [6] This highlights the attractiveness to search for new phenazines and their derivatives and to analyze these in respect to their biological activities. A large number of phenazine derivatives can be found in a single strain indicating great efficiency of biological production. In former studies, this was shown for the marine Streptomyces strain HB202 aside from cultivation-based approaches by genetic analysis [7,8]. We discuss the structural diversity gained by biotechnological approaches
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