Nature and rates of fine-sedimentation on a mid-shelf: “La Grande Vasière” (Bay of Biscay, France)

Abstract

The study area, “La Grande Vasière” (LGV), stretches out on the French Atlantic continental shelf (at ca. 100 m water depth), along 250 km from the Glénan Islands at the north to the southwest of Rochebonne at the south. Box-cores were sampled in this mid-shelf area during four cruises in June 1995, and in April, June and September 2002. They were investigated using sedimentological approaches (X-radiographs and grain-size analyses) and radionuclide studies ( 210Pb geochronology and excess 234Th). The main results are: (1) the surficial sediments are generally organized into a decimetre-scale fining up sequence which can be the result of extreme storms; (2) an upper mixing layer of 7–20 cm reflects an important biological benthic activity and/or the impact of fishing (i.e. trawlers); (3) a thin (i.e. a few mm) surficial mud-rich layer is the result of the present-day sedimentation; (4) an apparent annual sedimentation rate of 1–3 mm is recorded in several loci of the study area. Some seasonal variations appear, corresponding to the deposition of fine material from April to September, and to the reworking and the re-suspension during the winter. This fine material is the result of the decantation of estuarine plumes, mainly the Loire and the Vilaine rivers, over the study area. LGV lies (1) under the influence of a winter-to-spring thermo-haline wedge that acts as a filter for the transfer of fine river-borne material to the slope and the open sea, and (2) below water depths where the mean swell action permits sedimentation, mainly in summer. From the point of view of the nature of its sediments, LGV is not a mud-belt, but a heterolithic and patchy sandy area that is submitted to increasing silting with environmental changes, on a seasonal-time scale.