Abstract
As markers of exposure anti-malaria antibody responses can help characterise heterogeneity in malaria transmission. In the present study antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1, MSP-119 and CSP were measured with the aim to describe transmission patterns in meso-endemic settings in Lake Victoria. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Lake Victoria in January and August 2012. The study area comprised of three settings: mainland (Ungoye), large island (Mfangano) and small islands (Takawiri, Kibuogi, Ngodhe). Individuals provided a finger-blood sample to assess malaria infection by microscopy and PCR. Antibody response to P. falciparum was determined in 4,112 individuals by ELISA using eluted dried blood from filter paper. The overall seroprevalence was 64.0% for AMA-1, 39.5% for MSP-119, and 12.9% for CSP. Between settings, seroprevalences for merozoite antigens were similar between Ungoye and Mfangano, but higher when compared to the small islands. For AMA-1, the seroconversion rates (SCRs) ranged from 0.121 (Ngodhe) to 0.202 (Ungoye), and were strongly correlated to parasite prevalence. We observed heterogeneity in serological indices across study sites in Lake Victoria. These data suggest that AMA-1 and MSP-119 sero-epidemiological analysis may provide further evidence in assessing variation in malaria exposure and evaluating malaria control efforts in high endemic area.
Highlights
In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with 191 million cases and over 390 thousand deaths reported in 20161
This study describes data on parasite prevalence and antibodies responses to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), merozoite surface antigen-119 (MSP-119) and circumsporozoite antigen (CSP) antigens of P. falciparum in 5,044 individuals living on a coastal area and four different islands in Lake Victoria, Kenya
The present study demonstrates a clear relation of serological outcomes for AMA-1 and MSP-119 with parasite prevalence and serology-derived entomological inoculation rate (EIR) in heterogeneity of malaria transmission in the study area
Summary
In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, with 191 million cases and over 390 thousand deaths reported in 20161. In Kenya, 65% (26 million) of the population live in areas where P. falciparum parasite rate for the population aged 2–10 years (PfPR2–10) is below 1%3. Antibody responses to one or more malaria parasite-specific antigens have been explored as alternative means to estimate malaria transmission intensity[9, 10]. As a proxy measure of malaria transmission, serological responses to P. falciparum antigens have shown a robust and consistent correlation with estimates of entomological inoculation rate (EIR)[10], and have increasingly been incorporated in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to monitor changes in transmission[11,12,13,14,15] and identify hotspots in transmission[16, 17]
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