Naturalism and political science adaptation to the non-classical world picture

Abstract

One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The forming development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another - from identifying its methods with natural, to pretending for its uniqueness, or even universality. All these questions got a special importance in the perspective of the new non-classical world picture, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate, that the acceptance of the new postulates od none-classical and post-none-classical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology, as well as the chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the translation of the methods and approaches from natural sciences to political, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing accepting the zeitgeist. The adaption of political sciences to the new world pictures is inevitable,, but would be limited by definition. Even with the backgrounds of the unity of knowledge as such, its methods and instruments are quite different and even during the process of adaption change so significantly and are so greatly reduced, that they preserve only names and imitation of the other sciences’ methodology. Anyway, we should follow the parallelcourse.