Abstract
In this research, we assessed the detergency properties along with chemical characteristic of the surfactant extracts from the most frequently cited detergent plants in Northern Thailand, namely, Sapindus rarak, Acacia concinna, and Litsea glutinosa. Moreover, as to provide the sustainable option for production of such valuable ingredients, plant tissue culture (PTC) as alternative method for industrial metabolite cultivation was also proposed herein. The results illustrated that detergent plant extracts showed moderate in foaming and detergency abilities compared with those of synthetic surfactant. The phytochemical analysis illustrated the positive detection of saponins in L. glutinosa plant extracts. The highest callus formation was found in L. glutinosa explant cultured with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The callus extract was chemical elucidated using chromatography, which illustrated the presence of saponin similar to those from the crude leaf and Quillaja saponin extracts. Compact mass spectrometry confirmed that the surfactant was of the steroidal diagnostic type.
Highlights
Surfactants are surface-active compounds with significant potentials for food-beverage, medicinal, and pharmaceutical industries
Foam generation has little to do with the cleansing ability of the detergent, it is an important criterion to evaluate detergent
(7.1 ± 0.10 cm) and the lowest was found in L. glutinosa (1.1 ± 0.06 cm)
Summary
Surfactants are surface-active compounds with significant potentials for food-beverage, medicinal, and pharmaceutical industries. In surfactant manufacturing, they can be either chemically synthesized or found naturally in bio-based forms [1,2]. Saponins are amphipathic molecules consisted of triterpenoids, steroids, and glycosides [7,11,12]. Their aglycone parts are known as genin and sapogenin, which covalently bound to one or more polar molecules of sugar moieties [13,14,15,16]
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