Natural Science and Technology in Relation to Cultural Institutions and Social Practice in India

Abstract

planation is assumption that every event in Nature is determined by ascertainable conditions of its physical environment. Both characteristics restrict applicability of scientific methods. An analysis of second aspect of science reveals that even well-constructed scientific theories rest upon definitions and postulates which, as such, find no explanation within theory itself and which, thus, entail problems of a non-scientific, i.e., of an epistemological and/or metaphysical, nature. Here, again, limitations of science become apparent. The physicists have, on whole, recognized and accepted limitations inherent in scientific method and theory construction. In social sciences, however, situation is somewhat different. Here there has emerged a scientific reductionism which falsifies picture of man and of his position in universe; this scientism implies that the great ideals for which humanity has fought and suffered-the Good, Beautiful, and True-honor, love, and sacrifice-the eightfold path of Buddha, Christian vision of redemption, Moslem communion with God--all these inspired revelations and ideals are just illusions on surface of reality.1 If we see clearly distinction between legitimate science and that philosophical boundary transgression which I have called scientism, then we have a substantial basis for agreement in our approach to problem of man and of his position in universe. An East-West philosophy can proceed from here.