Natural resources and undesired productions of environmental outputs as green growth: EKC in the perspective of green finance and green growth in the G7 region

Abstract

Green Growth is measured via generating income from natural resources consumption and undesired productions of environmental outputs (Green growth is a crucial economic growth perspective). Similarly, greenhouse gas, carbon, and other pollution emissions are regarded as the leading causes of climate change and global warming, swiftly increasing over the past few decades. As a result of the increased income level, the economic activities in developed economies increase the use of trade-adjusted carbon (CCO2) emissions. This research analyzes the nexus between globalization, green finance, green growth, and CCO2 emissions in the G7 economies throughout 1990–2021. Using second-generation estimation approaches, the study found the cointegration between the variables. Due to the non-symmetric data distribution, it is essential to use the novel moment quantile regression approach method. The examined outcomes indicate that income (economic) growth is progressive in CCO2 emissions. Whereas globalization exhibits a significant adverse influence on the CCO2 emissions in the region. Further, the results revealed that green finance and green growth are not yet developed, positively related to the CCO2 emissions. However, after reaching a threshold level, both these variables substantially decline the level of CCO2 emissions in the region. The models' robustness is validated via the bootstrap quantile estimator. In addition to the robust analysis, this study also found that the region's leading factors of CCO2 emissions are natural resources, including minerals and natural gas. Based on empirical estimates, this study suggests increased investment in green finance.