Natural Orifice Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via Transoral Vestibular Approach (TOVA): Single Surgeon Experience from North India

Abstract

The transoral vestibular approach (TOVA) is the shortest route for endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) to approach the thyroid and is a totally scar free procedure, hence it has a clear cosmetic advantage not only over conventional open thyroid surgery but also over other remote access approaches for ET like axilla, breast and chest wall approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and our initial outcomes of TOVA and highlight the advantages of 3D endoscopic equipment in remote access thyroid surgery. We reviewed our prospectively maintained database who underwent ET. 42 patients who fulfilled the stringent inclusion criteria were offered TOVA. We have used novel Trans-vestibular approach with 3D technology for endoscopic thyroid surgery in all cases. Clinico-demographic profile, investigations, operative details, histopathology and postoperative complications and follow-up data were analyzed by using statistical analysis with SPSS19.00 version. Out of 203 ET operated during study period, 42 (20.69%) patients were operated through TOVA. Hemithyroidectomy were performed in all the patients. There were 3 men and 39 women (M:F = 1:13). Mean tumor size was 3.54 ± 1.17 cm. All patients were euthyroid. All patient had cytological diagnosis of Bethesda category II-IV and all underwent hemithyroidectomy. Mean operation time was 107.71 ± 17.60 min and post-operative length of hospital stay was 2.90 ± 1.28 days. Besides magnification, 3D endoscopy provided excellent depth perception which helped in precise dissection in the restricted space and aided in identification and preservation of the two most vital structures i.e. recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. As most of our patients present with larger goitres, not many patients desirous of ET can be offered TOVA. This novel TOVA has fairly stringent inclusion criteria, however it is the only approach which offers completely scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy and should be offered to eligible patients desirous of ET.