Natural occurrence of type B trichothecenes in formula feeds and feedstuffs in Japan

Abstract

The natural occurrence of type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenone-X (F-X)) was investigated in formula feeds and feedstuffs. Twenty-one formula feed samples and 44 feedstuff samples (maize, milo, barley, wheat, rye, wheat bran, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed) were collected from the Japanese Feed Industry. These samples were analyzed by gas chromatography after purification with a multifunctional cleanup (MFC) column and trimethyl silyl derivatization. DON was detected in formula feed, cereals and bran samples. The concentrations in positive samples were 16~190 μg/kg in formula feeds and 14~2,200 μg/kg in cereals and wheat bran. 15-ADON was detected in formula feed, maize, wheat and wheat bran samples at concentrations of 10~94 μg/kg in positive samples. NIV was detected in the samples of formula feed, milo, barley, rye, wheat and wheat bran samples at concentrations of 26~140 μg/kg in positie samples. 3-ADON and F-X were not detected in any sample. None of the samples of cottonseed, soybean meal and rapeseed meal contained these trichothecenes.