Abstract
The extraction of valuable phytochemicals from natural sources is an important and constantly evolving research area. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) contains high amounts of bioactive phytochemicals, which are desirable due to their significant properties. In this work, the ability of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) to serve as green solvents for the preparation of high added value extracts from ginger is explored, in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. The method was optimized by applying a response surface methodology using the NaDES Bet/La/W (1:2:2.5). Three independent variables, namely the extraction time, ultrasound power and NaDES-to-dry-ginger ratio, were investigated by employing a 17-run three-level Box–Behnken Design (BBD) in order to study the correlation between the extraction conditions and the quality of the obtained extracts. The optimum conditions (in order to achieve simultaneously maximum total phenolic content and antioxidant activity), were found to be 23.8 min extraction time, 60 Watt and NaDES/ginger 25:1 w/w. In the optimum conditions the DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts was found to reach IC50 = 18.16 mg/mL after 120 min, whereas the TPC was 20.10 ± 0.26 mg GAE/g of dry ginger. The green methodology was also compared with the extraction using conventional solvents. All the obtained extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and their total phenolic content, while the extract derived by the optimum extraction conditions was further investigated for its ability to bind to calf thymus DNA (ctDNA).
Highlights
The rhizome Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been used as a spice all over the world for centuries
Betaine is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), is non-toxic and is listed by the European commission in the glossary of the common ingredients used in cosmetic products [54]
Theextraction extraction valuable phytochemicals from ginger has been widely investiThe of of valuable phytochemicals from dry dry ginger has been widely investigatedusing usingconventional conventionalsolvents solventsand andmethods, methods, even even though though to our gated our knowledge knowledge the theresearch reregarding the implementation of high energy techniques suchsuch as ultrasound-assisted search regarding the implementation of high energy techniques as ultrasound-as- extraction (UAE) (UAE)
Summary
The rhizome Zingiber officinale Roscoe (generally known as ginger) has been used as a spice all over the world for centuries. Gingerols of various alkyl chain lengths are the most abundant pungent components of ginger and have been proved to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic, antiemetic, antithrombotic and anti-metabolic syndrome activity, while offering neuroprotection [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. These compounds are thermally labile, they undergo dehydration reactions and can be converted to their corresponding shogaols [9]. Both gingerols and shogaols have the ability to scavenge free radicals and various other damaging oxidants, reduce reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) production [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
