Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), composed of natural primary metabolites, are now widely used as green and sustainable extraction solvents of bioactive components. In the present study, various NADESs were prepared to extract multi-components from different preparations of an herbal formula (Chinese name: Jinqi Jiangtang, JQJT) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Results showed that most prepared NADESs provided more effective extraction of phenolic acids and alkaloids from JQJT preparations than conventional solvents. Among the tested NADESs, the solvent formed by choline chloride and laevulinic acid was selected to optimize the operational parameters using response surface methodology. The optimized extraction method was successfully applied to extract six major components in four commercial JQJT products, and quantification analysis was performed by the validated high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method. The quantitative results indicated that preparations from different manufacturers showed different chemical profiles. In conclusion, NADESs-based UAE shows considerable potential as an efficient and green method for extraction of multi-bioactive components from commercial herbal preparations.
Highlights
The extraction of desired chemical compounds is the vital first step in quality assurance of pharmaceutical products [1]
Conventional organic solvents are commonly utilized in the extraction and purification of bioactive components [2]
There have been no reports using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as extraction media for simultaneous extraction of multi-bioactive compounds from herbal formulas, especially commercial available herbal preparations
Summary
The extraction of desired chemical compounds is the vital first step in quality assurance of pharmaceutical products [1]. Conventional organic solvents are commonly utilized in the extraction and purification of bioactive components [2] Most of these solvents are volatile, not environmentally friendly, and have toxic effects on the process operator. NADESs have been used in other hot and emerging fields of science, such as organometallics, organo-, metal-, and bio-catalysis [8,9,10,11,12,13], as well as in energy technologies [14] with unexpected findings They have been successfully applied to extract diverse types of natural active compounds from botanicals, such as flavonoid [15], phenolic compounds [16], alkaloids [17], and so on. The optimized NADESs extraction method was further applied to quantitative analysis of multi-bioactive components from various commercial preparations of JQJT (e.g., granule, tablet, and capsule)
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