Abstract
The efficient use of stem cells for transplantation is often limited by the relatively low number of stem cells collected. The ex vivo expansion of human stem cells for clinical use is a potentially valuable approach to increase stem cell number. Currently, most of the procedures used to expand stem cells are carried out using a 21% oxygen concentration, which is about 4- to 10-fold greater than the concentration characteristic of their natural niches. Hyperoxia might cause oxidative stress with a deleterious effect on the physiology of cultured stem cells. In this review, we investigate and critically examine the available information on the ability of natural compounds to counteract hyperoxia-induced damage in different types of stem cells ex vivo. In particular, we focused on proliferation and stemness maintenance in an attempt to draw up useful indications to define new culture media with a promoting activity on cell expansion in vitro.
Highlights
Human stem cells are being investigated for the treatment of many different diseases, like cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and traumatic lesions.[1]
Particular interest has been focused on mesenchymal stem cells that can be derived from many tissues but are often insufficient to reach a relevant number of cells adequate for clinical use
El Alami et al.[66] demonstrated that for human dental pulp stem cells cultured under 21% O2, oxidative stress promotes the sequential activation of p38 MAPK, p21, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) antioxidant defense pathway
Summary
Human stem cells are being investigated for the treatment of many different diseases, like cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and traumatic lesions.[1]. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide play a pivotal role in modulating redox signaling.[67] The effects exerted by these molecules is related to their nature, intracellular levels, and localization: ROS can be involved in macromolecule’s oxidative damage and cell death induction, and in signal transduction linked to cell proliferation and gene transcription activation.[68] In particular, numerous experimental evidences suggest a clear correlation between intracellular H2O2 levels and features of stem and progenitor cells.[10,41,69,70,71] As is well known, excess ROS contributes to pathological conditions, a proper and controlled ROS production is mandatory for physiological cellular functions, the so-called and previously cited ‘‘redox window’’ hypothesis.[72,73]. Green tea extract, 500 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 20 l M, 5 l M carnosine, vitamin D3
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