Abstract
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports,2019,5,1,36-43.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2019.5.7Published:January 2019Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Zainab Abdulmunem Almuallem, Manar Mohammed Alslim, Khulud Abdulrahman Alamoudi, Adel Mehmas H. Alragas, and Rana Mohammed Alslim Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, The Past General Manager of General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Head, National Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Head, Pharmacy R & D Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh- 11392, SAUDI ARABIA. Zainab Abdulmunem Almuallem, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Manar Mohammed Alslim, Staff Pharmacist, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Khulud Abdulrahman Alamoudi, Narcotic in-charge, Alhammadi Hospital, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Adel Mehmas H. Alragas, Medical City-king Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Rana Mohammed Alslim, Staff Pharmacist, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objective: To explore the national medication safety practice such as patient education, quality process and risk management at primary healthcare centers (PHCs) and community pharmacies (CPs) in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a four-month cross-sectional medication safety practice survey conducted at PHC pharmacies and CPs in Riyadh city. The survey consisted of the modified version of the Medication Safety Self-Assessment® for Community/Ambulatory Pharmacy from the Institute of Safe Medication Practice (ISMP). The survey consisted of a demographic section and 10 domains with 198 questions. The domains included questions on patient information; drug information; communication of drug orders and other drug information; drug labeling and packaging and nomenclature; use of devices; environmental factors; staff competency and education; patient education; quality processes; and risk management domain. In this study, we emphasized on patient education, quality process and risk management; it is a finding from medication safety self-assessment for community/ ambulatory pharmacy in Riyadh city. Results: The survey was distributed to 13 PHC pharmacies and 23 CPs. The average score of all ISMP-self assessment of medication safety items at PHCs was 2.75±0.36 (54.94%) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.55–2.95; P<0.05; range=2.04–3.38). The average score of all ISMP-self assessment of medication safety items at CPs was 3.14±0.42 (62.86%) (95% CI=2.90–4.38; P<0.05; range=2.40–3.88). The average score of patient education at PHCs was 3.04±0.365 (60.8%) (95% CI=2.89–3.19; P<0.05; range=2.00–3.73) and at CPs, it was 3.73±0.29 (74.6%) (95% CI=3.61–3.85; P<0.05; range=3.11–4.22). The average score of quality processes and risk management at PHCs was 2.76±0.35 (55.2 %) (95% CI=2.64–2.88; P<0.05; range=2.09–3.50) and at CPs, it was 3.20 ±0.38 (64%) (95% CI=3.07–3.33; P<0.05; range=2.47–3.89). Conclusion: The implementation of patient education and quality processes and risk management at PHCs and CPs were inadequate. Targeting to improve all meditations safety assessment tools at PHCs and CPs is highly recommended in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Community Pharmacies, Education, Medication, Primary Healthcare Centers, Quality, Risk Management, Riyadh, Safety, Saudi ArabiaView:PDF (384.85 KB) PDF PDF Images National Survey of Medication Safety Practice: Patient Education, Quality Process and Risk Management at Primary Healthcare Centers/Community Pharmacies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Highlights
GAPC started the implementation of pharmacy strategic plan in 2012.1 The plan covers all healthcare institutions including hospitals and primary healthcare centers (PHCs)
The highest score of the patient education with Core #16 was obtained for the statement “Pharmacists fully investigate all patient/caregiver concerns and questions about a medication prior to dispensing” (3.6 (72%)) at PHCs, whereas at community pharmacies (CPs), the highest score was obtained for the statement “Pharmacists design drug administration schedules that consider the patient’s lifestyle and minimize the number of times per day that medications must be taken for patients at high risk for nonadherence with prescribed medications” (4.22 (84.4%))
The lowest score at PHCs was obtained for the statement “When counseling is provided, the patient’s drug container is opened in front of the patient/caregiver to verify the appearance of the medication” (2.00 (40%)), whereas at CPs, the lowest score was obtained for the statement “In as confidential a manner as possible, pharmacists inquire about the patient’s understanding of the purpose of new medications and refilled prescriptions” (3.33 (66.6%)) (Table 4)
Summary
GAPC started the implementation of pharmacy strategic plan in 2012.1 The plan covers all healthcare institutions including hospitals and PHCs. GAPC started the implementation of pharmacy strategic plan in 2012.1 The plan covers all healthcare institutions including hospitals and PHCs Part of this initiative was to implement national quality management standards in the pharmacy practice. The partnership was developed to implement the Saudi standards of quality management to cover all healthcare centers and hospital. The Saudi Center for Healthcare Accreditation released the first edition of the standard, which was updated in 2016.2 The updated version had necessary elements of medication safety. Several studies have shown the impact of missing quality management implementation.[3,4,5,6] Medication safety practice at CPs have not been included in the updated CBAHI standards.
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