Abstract
As England and France were engaged in regular naval battles throughout the 18th century, the situation was rather quiet in Denmark, while Sweden experienced sporadic wars. Nevertheless, the overall political situation was nothing but unstable, so while the motivation for keeping the navy on its toes was high within all four nations, the methods of gaining advanced technology for shipbuilding were very different. Technological exchange carried out between European shipyards took the form of prizes of war, industrial espionage and migration. It resulted in a network of relations that rendered national shipbuilding a technologically international matter.
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