Abstract
The purpose of the study is to observe historically national identity expressed in Chinese and Korean Clothing. The literature review and the case study both in China and South Korea were conducted at the same time. The outcomes from the studies are as follow: National identity has been reflected in clothing mainly via the adoption of ethnic elements and civic elements. Chinese and Korean visible-symbolized ethnic elements are from their traditional arts, costumes and lifestyles, invisible-spiritual ethnic elements mainly from religious philosophy. But the Korean wave, which is the modern ethnic invisible-spiritual element, is growing popular all over the world. Chinese and Korean visible-symbolized political elements refer to national or governmental sign, marks or national logo. The invisible-spiritual political elements contain the specific political atmosphere. Chinese are Socialism and anti-capitalism. Meanwhile Korean are Patriotism, Collectiveness, anti-communism and Military ideology. It provides a comprehensive and complete theoretical background for investigating how national identity has been shown in China and Korea’s past and current fashion. It is expected to promote the diversified development of both Chinese and Korean clothing design expression in the future.
Highlights
How Chinese or Korean apparel industry ought to be developed, what are the differences between clothing history of two countries, these questions are interested to be explored
According to the literature review based on the books, especially『Sings of China』(Dututime, 2012) Chinese ethnic culture elements which could reflect ethnic national identity and could be used in clothing are divided into three dimensions, which are traditional ethnic arts, traditional costumes and traditional lifestyle
With China as mentioned before, the most representative political sign, mark and logo in South Korea are National Flag, Taegukgi and National Flower, Mugunghwa, which could be seen as symbols of civic national identity
Summary
How Chinese or Korean apparel industry ought to be developed, what are the differences between clothing history of two countries, these questions are interested to be explored. Sun & Ha (2019) recently have studied fashion designers’ expressions of national identity comparing Korean and Chinese fashion designers but the article compared only the current fashion designers’ attitudes without historical perspectives. This study seeks to help close the gap with a focus on a comparison between the influence of national identity in Chinese and South Korean traditional/non-traditional clothing and recent modern fashion designers’ works. Based on this purpose and vision, two research questions are hereby addressed: 1) What exactly is national identity and how it formed in both China and South Korea respectively?. Chinese fashion designers in Shanghai and Beijing fashion week and Korean fashion designers in Seoul fashion week were selected into interpretation
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