National greenhouse gas reduction policy trends from voluntary agreements to negotiated agreements and its implications

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Since the adoption of Bali Roadmap in 2007, the efforts to reduce Green House Gases (GHGs) Emissions are growing with concern of new agreement against climate change. Under Kyoto Protocol, Annex I parties which have received mandatory target of GHG emissions implement lots of policies for reducing GHG emissions. Beside Annex I parties, many countries set their own GHG emissions target and make efforts to achieve the target in many ways. Each country introduces voluntary agreements and negotiated agreements to reduce GHG emissions in industrial sector that occupies a large part of national GHG emissions. As the demand on reduction of GHG emission is strengthening, climate change policies come up in form of negotiated agreements. The existence of the obligation affects countries’ GHG reduction policies’ intensity. According to recent discussion about post-Kyoto protocol, it is expected that some countries as China, South Korea, and India would receive the mandatory target of GHG emission.