Abstract

So wrote Rudyard Kipling in his poem, ‘The Lesson’, published soon after the conclusion of the South African War.l Recent military defeats and revelations of administrative bungling had given the country a nasty fright, but many contemporaries preferred to interpret what had happened as a salutary warning. In December 1901, even the Royal Family, in the person of the Duke of York, felt it incumbent to abjure England to ‘Wake Up!’.2 But what, exactly, was the country being called to wake up from, and what were these ‘lessons’ which patriotic supporters of the war, dismayed by the military upsets, hoped that the British people and government would learn?3 KeywordsMilitary ExpenditureConservative PartyGeneral StaffBritish PeopleTariff ReformThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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