Nasal Route: A Breakthrough for Drug Delivery

Abstract

Development and discovery are the two important parameters of evolution. With the progress of pharmaceutical science and technology, the empirical route of nose still remains one main attraction for the formulation of scientists. The nasal route has the capability to cover both topical and systematic delivery. The most important part of this route is that we can target the brain also. The extent to which a medicine may penetrate the Blood Brain Barrier is one of the factors that restricts the capacity of most treatments to treat illnesses of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (BBB). Tight junctions found in the endothelial cells of blood capillaries to the brain serve as a barrier to most medications and prevent them from passing through. The BBB successfully prevents hydrophilic substances from moving from the circulatory compartment to the brain tissue. Tight junctions between the cells prevent bulk passage across the capillary walls, unlike in other tissues. Nasal drug delivery strategies have emerged during the last few decades, some of which may be able to circumvent the difficulties in getting medications to cross the BBB. Various neuro-degenerative disorders like migraine, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. can be targeted with that particular path. This article will bring light on several features, strategies, and obstacles of this pathway. Also, there are several dosage forms and their evaluation is provided. During the preclinical studies, there are several models like can be designed in in-vivo evaluation of nasal dosage form. Among all others models, the dog model has so many advantages and well suited for performing any trial related intranasal drug delivery.