Naringenin induces neuroprotection against homocysteine-induced PC12 cells via the upregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression by decreasing miR-224-3p expression.

Abstract

Naringenin is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant effects. It is used to treat oxidative stress-related diseases, but its mechanism is unclear. In this experiment, we explored whether naringenin can increase the expression of superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), reduce the oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by homocysteine (Hcy), and decrease the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Hcy by inhibiting the expression of mir-224-3p. Different concentrations of Hcy (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 mmol/L) was used to analyze effect of homocysteine on PC12 cells. A total of 5 mmol/L Hcy was used to induce the excitatory and neurotoxicity model of PC12 cells in vitro. The cells were divided into normal control, Hcy induction, Hcy + Naringenin (25 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (50 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (75 μM), Hcy + Naringenin (100 μM), and Hcy + Naringenin (150 μM) groups. The relative survival rate and activities of the PC12 cells were determined by the MTT method, and the apoptosis rate of the PC12 cells was determined by using flow cytometry. The Western blot method was used to determine the expressions of SOD1, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bcl-2 in the PC12 cells induced by Hcy. The expressions of SOD1 mRNA and miR-224-3p in the Hcy-induced PC12 cells were determined by RT-PCR. Results found that Hcy increased the expression of miR-224-3p in a dose-dependent manner but decreased that of SOD1 mRNA and protein. Hcy also increased oxidative stress in the PC12 cells and the proapoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the activity and survival rate of the HT22 cells, but it increased the apoptosis of the PC12 cells. The treatment of Hcy-induced PC12 cells with different concentrations of naringenin for 24 h decreased the expression of miR-224-3p in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expressions of SOD1 mRNA and protein. The treatment also decreased the oxidative stress in the PC12 cells and the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9; increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl- 2; decreased the apoptosis of the PC12 cells; and increased the PC12 cells.The results suggest that Naringenin can decrease the apoptosis and oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by Hcy and increase the activities and survival rates of PC12 cells. The mechanism may be related to naringenin decreasing the expression of miR-224-3p in PC12 cells induced by Hcy and increasing the expressions of SOD1 mRNA and protein.