Nanotechnology in Food Industry–Applications and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the emerging technologies involving the use of engineered nanomaterials ranging in size from 1–100 nanometers. It has promising applications in different sectors including pharmacy, health care, textiles, pulp and paper, energy, transport, agriculture, food processing, and information technology. Currently, there is a rapid increase in global population which leads to enhanced food demand. However, traditional technologies of food production are not sufficient to meet such demand. Hence, major focus of governments, and economists are running towards the development of novel technologies to avoid the situation of food crisis in future. Food companies are implementing nanotechnology in number of ways; smart packaging, nanocapsules, smart food, and nano-robot food production. Most of the company claims that nanotechnology applications in food will make the food safe for consumption. Different engineered nanomaterials such as nano-tubes, nano-fibers, and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are being used for food processing and preservation, food packaging, detection of pathogens in food samples, and production and controlled delivery of nutraceuticals. Nanodevices, nanoswitches, electronic nose, nanochips, and biosensor have emerged into food sector for smart sensing and unique delivery system. However, there are various adverse effects of engineered nanomaterials on environment and human health. In view of this, attention is paid by research groups on toxicological studies of nanomaterials for assessment of risks to environment and human health from nanotechnology derived food products. The current chapter focuses on the applications of engineered nanomaterials in food sector, their health hazards, and safety regulations for their safe use in food industries.