Abstract
It is widely recognized that nanoscience and nanotechnology and their subfields, such as nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanomechanics, have had a tremendous impact on recent advances in sensing, imaging, and communication, with notable developments, including novel transistors and processor architectures. For example, in addition to being supremely fast, optical and photonic components and devices are capable of operating across multiple orders of magnitude length, power, and spectral scales, encompassing the range from macroscopic device sizes and kW energies to atomic domains and single-photon energies. The extreme versatility of the associated electromagnetic phenomena and applications, both classical and quantum, are therefore highly appealing to the rapidly evolving computing and communication realms, where innovations in both hardware and software are necessary to meet the growing speed and memory requirements. Development of all-optical components, photonic chips, interconnects, and processors will bring the speed of light, photon coherence properties, field confinement and enhancement, information-carrying capacity, and the broad spectrum of light into the high-performance computing, the internet of things, and industries related to cloud, fog, and recently edge computing. Conversely, owing to their extraordinary properties, 0D, 1D, and 2D materials are being explored as a physical basis for the next generation of logic components and processors. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recently used to create a new processor beyond proof of principle. These developments, in conjunction with neuromorphic and quantum computing, are envisioned to maintain the growth of computing power beyond the projected plateau for silicon technology. We survey the qualitative figures of merit of technologies of current interest for the next generation computing with an emphasis on edge computing.
Highlights
Capturing and isolating single atoms or molecules and controlling their quantum states to achieve the desired function is undoubtedly a fantastic milestone for toolmaking and information processing, the two pillars of human endeavors
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While efforts to formulate uniquely edge computing (EC)-use cases are underway, the presented review sketches the overall state of the field
Summary
Capturing and isolating single atoms or molecules and controlling their quantum states to achieve the desired function is undoubtedly a fantastic milestone for toolmaking and information processing, the two pillars of human endeavors. Joachim discussed how the future of computing would depart from solid-state integrated electronics and enter the realm of molecular transistors [8] Such claims are already being supported by works on single molecules, for example, controlling cis-trans transition in Azobenzene molecule, leading to the molecules being “switched”. The processing, communication, and storage of the large volumes of data by transistor circuits, interconnects, and networks, invented to make use of the digitally represented information, are pervasive. These operations are growing increasingly challenging due to data traffic, memory, and computing capacities. For example, are spatially highly localized (~nm)and excitations or orscalable quasiparticles in a magnetic material.
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