Abstract
The effects of reduced size on the magnetic properties are described. At the submicrometric scale the material is monodomain. At the nanometric scale several new behaviours occur related to the volume, the surface and the magnetic interactions. The peculiar case of multilayered structures is evoked. The magnetic interaction process is discussed in the case of nanophase materials. Two models are described which are valid when the grain volume is sufficiently small for allowing thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moment and when the applied field is weak or equal to zero. Good agreement is found with experimental results.
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