Nanosheets array-induced nanofluidic channels toward efficient primary batteries-coordinated textiles

Abstract

Flexible hygroelectric generators (HEGs) that derive affordable and sustainable electricity power from omnipresent moisture are promising candidates for smart textile electronics. However, the desired compatibility of high output current and continuous operating voltage is still challenging for wearable HEGs to meet the ever-increasing nanotechnological requirements. Herein, we rationally design and finely synthesize conductive carbonized silk fabrics with in situ growth of SnO/SnO2 nanosheet arrays, which are successfully employed to fabricate high-efficiency wearable HEGs with a maximal power density of 26.66 μW·cm−2 by sandwiching with MXene/cotton fabrics and Al electrodes. Impressively, the vertically interlaced SnO/SnO2 nanosheet arrays supply abundant nanofluidic channels for rapid water diffusive flow with a high flow potential. Combined with the excellent moisture absorption and retention of MXene/cotton textiles, these prepared HEGs process sustained voltage and current outputs of 0.932 V and 0.434 mA over 20,000 s. These flexible HEGs are capable of application in self-powered sensors and micro power supplies, delivering a fresh strategy for the rational design of high-performance and sustainable textile-based electronics.