Abstract
We have deposited self-assembled BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) thin films on (100)-oriented SrRuO3-buffered Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.62Ti0.38O3 (PMN-38PT) single crystal substrates. These heterostructures were used for the study of real-time changes in the magnetization with applied DC electric field (EDC). With increasing EDC, a giant magnetization change was observed along the out-of-plane (easy) axis. The induced magnetization changes of the CFO nanopillars in the BFO/CFO layer were about ΔM/MrDC = 93% at EDC = −3 kv/cm. A giant converse magnetoelectric (CME) coefficient of 1.3 × 10−7 s/m was estimated from the data. By changing EDC, we found multiple(N ≥ 4) unique possible values of a stable magnetization with memory on the removal of the field.
Highlights
Multiferroic materials have multiple ferroic order parameters, such as polarization and magnetization[1,2,3]
The E-field was applied to the PMN-PT substrate rather than the CFO layer, resulting in reduced leakage currents, and enhanced magnetization changes in the CFO layer
The electric field was applied along the out-of-plane direction
Summary
Multiferroic materials have multiple ferroic order parameters, such as polarization and magnetization[1,2,3]. STO substrates have close lattice parameter matching with both phases of the BFO-CFO layer, and there is an intimate lattice contact in the (1–3) heterostructure[22] This intimate lattice contact transfers E-field induced strain in the piezoelectric phase to the magnetostrictive one, resulting in induced magnetization changes in the nanopillars. A vertically integrated nanopillar BFO-CFO heterostructure has recently been epitaxially deposited on SrRuO3 buffered Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.70Ti0.30O3 (SRO/PMN-30PT) substrates[27] This vertically integrated (1–3) heterostructure allows for a large magnetic anisotropy, which enables E-field tunable magnetic switching[28]. We report a self-assembled two-phase vertically integrated BFO-CFO/SrRuO3/PMN-38PT heterostructure by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) This BFO-CFO heterostructure possesses large magnetization changes in the CFO nanopillars by application of a DC electrical bias (EDC) to the substrate. It was found feasible to access multiple (N ≥ 4) stable magnetization states with memory
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