Abstract
This paper presents the development of a chemical sensor which was microfabricated on top of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. As a result of the unique material properties of LCP, the sensor showed favorable flexibility as well as operational reliability. These features demonstrate potential for integration of the sensor into automated sensing vehicles to achieve real-time detection. The sensor consists of a gold working electrode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, and a gold counter electrode. The working electrode of the sensor was further modified with bismuth nanoparticles and Nafion. The modified sensor exhibited a significantly enhanced sensing capability toward cadmium metal ion (Cd(II)) in comparison to the unmodified one. The effects of deposition potential and deposition time on the sensing performance of the sensor were extensively investigated through electrochemical experiments. With optimized parameters, the sensor was capable of quantifying Cd(II) in the concentration range of 0.3 to 25 µg/L. The minimum Cd(II) concentration detected by the sensor was 0.06 µg/L under quiescent deposition. The obtained results suggest that the proposed sensor has a great potential to be deployed for in-situ Cd(II) determination.
Highlights
Growing concerns regarding water contamination have advanced the development of autonomous and portable vehicles to perform routine in-situ water quality surveillance.Automated sensing vehicles surpass the obstacles faced by the conventional water monitoring approach, which includes labor-intensive sample collection, time-consuming sample transportation, centralized laboratory analysis, etc
Cadmium (Cd(II)), one type of hazardous heavy metal ion, poses a great threat to human health since it accumulates in the body for a long period of time
liquid crystal polymer (LCP) sheet (ULTRALAM 3850, 100 μm thickness) protected by a copper (Cu) cladding was purchased from Rogers
Summary
Growing concerns regarding water contamination have advanced the development of autonomous and portable vehicles to perform routine in-situ water quality surveillance. Automated sensing vehicles surpass the obstacles faced by the conventional water monitoring approach, which includes labor-intensive sample collection, time-consuming sample transportation, centralized laboratory analysis, etc. Heavy metal ions are one of the most detrimental inorganic pollutants that can be found in the majority of contaminated water samples. Cadmium (Cd(II)), one type of hazardous heavy metal ion, poses a great threat to human health since it accumulates in the body for a long period of time. Cd(II) is brought into surface water by the unrestrained discharge of industrial wastewater as well as localized air pollution. Upon taken by plants from the surface water, Cd(II) can reach to human body through the food chain.
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