Abstract
Simple SummaryReports on the potential of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating equine degenerative joint diseases have been increasing over the past few years, in spite of limitations such as uncontrolled differentiation, immunogenicity, and tumorigenicity. We elucidated an allogenic alternative, where equine bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can be used to promote the growth of chondrocytes, and simultaneously reduce their cytokine-induced apoptosis. The role of BMC-NPs in activation of signaling pathway molecules was also established.Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can play a restorative role against degenerative joint diseases in horses. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fetal bone marrow-derived cells (BMC)-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) can stimulate the survival of equine chondrocytes. Equine fetal BMCs were isolated and characterized, and the role of BMC-NPs s in equine chondrocytes undergoing inflammatory cell death was examined. BMCs have several characteristics, such as the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteocytes. Additionally, BMCs expressed immunoregulatory genes in response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). We found that BMC-NPs were taken up by equine chondrocytes. Functionally, BMC-NPs promoted the growth of chondrocytes, and reduced apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we observed that BMC-NPs upregulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) in the presence of IL-1β, and reduced the phosphorylation of TNF-α-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the chondrocytes. Cumulatively, our study demonstrated that equine fetal BMC-NPs have the potential to stimulate the survival of chondrocytes damaged by inflammatory cytokines. Thus, BMC-NPs may become an alternative cell-free allogenic therapeutic for degenerative joint diseases in horses.
Highlights
Joint disease is one of the most prevalent disorders in both companion and athletic horses, which occurs by continuous injuries in joint tissues including the cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone [1]
Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) showed that they are positive for several conventional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) surface markers such as CD44, CD90, and CD105, the reactivity was heterogeneous among markers (Figure 1C) (84.7% for CD29, 22.5% for CD90, 64.5% for CD105, and 94.3% for CD44, respectively)
We investigated whether BMC-derived nanoparticles (BMC-NPs) have potential to stimulate the growth of equine chondrocytes, and found that BMC-NPs were readily taken up by equine chondrocytes, and that they promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes
Summary
Joint disease is one of the most prevalent disorders in both companion and athletic horses, which occurs by continuous injuries in joint tissues including the cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone [1]. Lameness caused by joint injuries can lead to reduced training days, decreased performance, and an early retirement. Several medications are available for joint diseases in equine, e.g., hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids [5]. These methods mostly are effective for reducing the inflammatory symptom. Luis et al reported that repeated intra-articular injection of allogenic adipose-derived MSCs was able to reduce the lameness for 90 days, while reducing the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
