Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

Barış Şimşek,Özge Bildi Ceran,İnci Sevgili,Haluk Korucu,Osman Nuri Şara

doi:10.3311/ppch.12458

Barış Şimşek, Özge Bildi Ceran + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12458

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Abstract

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

Highlights

The fresh water scarcity and water pollution problem have been increasingly growing worldwide in the last several years [1]
Silver nanoparticles have been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) [16], Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) [17], Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) [13] graphene oxide has been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms in water such as Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), S. aureus and P. aeruginosa [18] whereas graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles composites have been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms in water such as E. coli [11], S. aureus [19, 20], P. aeruginosa [21], Candida albicans (C. albicans), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) [22], Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) [19]
Unlike studies in the literature, this study aims to analyze the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of raw water taken from a dam such as temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved O2, turbidity, color, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, sulphite, total carbon, total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), French hardness, calcium carbonate hardness, calcium, Langelier saturation index (LSI), E. faecalis, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, E-coliform and the total viable count water and improve these values to drinking water standards using graphene oxide, silver nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide materials

Summary

Introduction

The fresh water scarcity and water pollution problem have been increasingly growing worldwide in the last several years [1]. Graphene oxide [1, 8,9,10,11], silver nano particles [12,13,14,15] and silver nanoparticles-graphene oxide nanocomposites [11] can be listed as the most prominent nano materials in water treatment [2]. Silver nanoparticles have been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) [16], Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) [17], Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) [13] graphene oxide has been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms in water such as Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), S. aureus and P. aeruginosa [18] whereas graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles composites have been found to be effective in preventing the reproduction of microorganisms in water such as E. coli [11], S. aureus [19, 20], P. aeruginosa [21], Candida albicans (C. albicans), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) [22], Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) [19].

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