Nanofiltration powered by renewable energy for softening of slightly brackish-nitrated groundwater: Sustainability study

Abstract

This study focuses on a small-decentralized desalination plant in Sidi Taibi, Morocco, which harnesses photovoltaic (PV) solar energy and wind power to address water and energy interplay. The plant, situated at Al Annouar High School, serves 1200 students, producing 12 m3/d. The local underground water, which is slightly brackish and nitrated, is treated by nanofiltration (NF), using a hybrid renewable energy (RE) system, PV and wind. An electrochemical disinfection method (EDM) is used to disinfect the nanofiltered water before its distribution. The primary goal of this research is to introduce an innovative method for ensuring sustainable water access in isolated areas by combining RE sources with cutting-edge desalination methods. Through our investigation of a compact decentralized desalination facility in Sidi Taibi, Morocco, we illustrate how the utilization PV solar energy and wind power can effectively manage the relationship between water and energy requirements. Our evaluation highlights the economic feasibility, environmental consciousness, and societal benefits of this novel approach, emphasizing its capacity to revolutionize water accessibility in rural settings. Cost evaluations identify configuration 2 (NF90-NF90) as the most economically efficient option, at an estimated cost of 2 US $/m3 (20 MAD/m3). Environmentally, the adoption of renewable energy considerably reduces the carbon footprint, estimated at around 6507.27 to 7374.915 kgCO2 per year. These reductions result from fluctuations in energy consumption, ranging from 1.36 kWh/m3 to 2 kWh/m3, generated by the energy consumption of the immersed pump, H.P pump, and EDM. Notably, the concentrate discharged by the optimized configurations poses no environmental threats, underlining its safety. From a social perspective, the Sidi Taibi plant significantly provides a significant service to the isolated rural region by delivering clean water to a school and contributing to its electricity needs, thereby enhancing overall living conditions. This comprehensive study underscores the multifaceted benefits of renewable energy-driven desalination in remote regions, emphasizing economic viability, environmental responsibility, and improved quality of life.