Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (T1) and ferrous sulfate (T2) on Indian major carp, Labeo rohita H. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the final weight of T1 and T2 compared with the control. Survival rates were not affected by the dietary treatments. Fish fed a basal diet (control) showed lower (P < 0.05) iron content in muscle compared to T1 and T2. Furthermore, the highest value (P < 0.05) of iron content was observed in T1. In addition, RBCs and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in T1 as compared to other treated groups. Different innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, bactericidal activity and myeloperoxidase activity were higher in nano-Fe-treated diet (T1) as compared to other iron source (T2) and control in 30 days post-feeding. Moreover, nano-Fe appeared to be more effective (P < 0.05) than ferrous sulfate in increasing muscle iron and hemoglobin contents. Dietary administration of nano-Fe did not cause any oxidative damage, but improved antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD and GSH level) irrespective of different iron sources in the basal diet.
Highlights
Iron (Fe) is an indispensable element for the functioning of organs and tissues of higher animals, including fish, because of its vital role in physiological processes such as oxygen transport, cellular respiration and lipid oxidation reactions (Lee et al 1981; Andersen et al 1997)
Survival rates were not affected by the administrations of dietary iron in the whole experimental period
It clearly indicated that iron-supplemented diet could improve the final weight of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita H, whereas fishes showed growth retardation when given a purified diet without iron supplementation (Gatlin and Wilson 1986)
Summary
Iron (Fe) is an indispensable element for the functioning of organs and tissues of higher animals, including fish, because of its vital role in physiological processes such as oxygen transport, cellular respiration and lipid oxidation reactions (Lee et al 1981; Andersen et al 1997). Iron is one of the most essential micronutrients in terms of its effect on the functioning of the immune system and defense against various infections (Beisel 1982; Bhaskaram 1988). Fish can absorb soluble iron from the water across the gill membrane and intestinal mucosa (Roedar and Roedar 1966; Sealey et al 1997). Till several reports showed contradictory results for the dietary iron requirements in fish, which vary from species to species and in different environmental conditions (Hem 1989). The minimum dietary iron requirement in Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita H. was 0.014 % of dry diet (Jhingran and Pullin 1985)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
