Abstract
The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.
Highlights
Since its first appearance in the literature in 2004, the scientific and technological transformation driven by graphene has been remarkable in recent years [1,2,3]
The present review aims to highlight the main characteristics of electrochemical techniques for the electrosynthesis of graphene oxide-based materials, perform an overview of the details to be considered during the electrodeposition of graphene oxide, and present the main highlights in the field of sensors based on graphene-based materials in the past 5 years, pointing out their advantages, possibilities, challenges and presenting a future perspective on the subject
Construction in two or more steps, as with the first addition of a reduced graphene oxide layer onto an electrode surface followed by electropolymerization of a polymer on an electrode/rGO structure, can be carried out, for example, with the aim of increasing the active area of the electrode and improving the electronic response of the material
Summary
Since its first appearance in the literature in 2004, the scientific and technological transformation driven by graphene has been remarkable in recent years [1,2,3]. Graphene-based composites include the use of inorganic materials, organic crystals, organometallic structures (MOFs), biomaterials and polymers [16]. These materials are extensively exploited in applications such as batteries [17], supercapacitors [18], fuel cells [19], photovoltaics [20], sensing platforms [21], and others. Low-cost syntheses, with few preparation steps, added to the possibility of control over the electrosynthesized material, make electrochemical methods attractive alternatives for the construction of reduced graphene oxide-based materials [25]. Despite the diverse and interesting advantages, at present, there is still no review work addressing the focus of electrochemical strategies to synthesize graphene-polymer (nano)materials for sensing applications. The present review aims to highlight the main characteristics of electrochemical techniques for the electrosynthesis of graphene oxide-based materials, perform an overview of the details to be considered during the electrodeposition of graphene oxide, and present the main highlights in the field of sensors based on graphene-based materials in the past 5 years, pointing out their advantages, possibilities, challenges and presenting a future perspective on the subject
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
