Abstract
Ambient gas nanobubbles of size ∼ 101–102 nm occupying the hydrophobic surface of basal plane highly ordered pyrolyticgraphite (HOPG) immersed in aqueous media at room temperature cause exfoliation of thetop graphene layers, as revealed by both in situ and ex situ atomic force microscope (AFM)imaging. The formation of nanoparticles composed mostly from graphene-basednanoscrolls, nanohorn-like and onion-like nanostructures was resolved by high resolutiontransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and examined by diffraction and x-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The diameter of nanostructures varied fromabout 5 nm for single-layered scrolls to tens of nanometres for multishells. Ramanspectroscopy confirmed the structural rearrangement of the HOPG basal plane after theabove-mentioned treatment. The implications for nanobubble interfacial forces arediscussed.
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