Abstract
The development in the area of novel anticancer prodrugs (conjugates and complexes) has attracted growing attention from many research groups. The dangerous side effects of currently used anticancer drugs, including cisplatin and other platinum based drugs, as well their systemic toxicity is a driving force for intensive search and presents a safer way in delivery platform of active molecules. Silicon based nanocarriers play an important role in achieving the goal of synthesis of the more effective prodrugs. It is worth to underline that silicon based platform including silica and silsesquioxane nanocarriers offers higher stability, biocompatibility of such the materials and pro-longed release of active platinum drugs. Silicon nanomaterials themselves are well-known for improving drug delivery, being themselves non-toxic, and versatile, and tailored surface chemistry. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art within constructs of silicon-containing nano-carriers conjugated and complexed with platinum based drugs. Contrary to a number of other reviews, it stresses the role of nano-chemistry as a primary tool in the development of novel prodrugs.
Highlights
Chemotherapy is the most important treatment of the most cancer cases, but still, the search for the improvement of anticancer drugs and prodrugs is an important challenge for contemporary science [1]
Currently, we are witnessing a rapid development of drug delivery systems, i.e., drug conjugates and non-covalent complexes with nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., such as gold, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and silsesquioxanes, polymers, and dendrimers [5,6]
We report on the state of the art in the area of silicon containing nanocarriers for platinum drugs delivery (Scheme 1)
Summary
Chemotherapy is the most important treatment of the most cancer cases, but still, the search for the improvement of anticancer drugs and prodrugs is an important challenge for contemporary science [1]. The multifunctional character of recent nano-systems is well illustrated by synthesis of targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles with lactose mediated effect that were studied in delivery of platinum(IV) prodrug for liver anticancer therapy [22,37] (Figure 4). Single-loaded nanoparticles and free drugs exhibited similar cytotoxicity, which points to an efficient drugs release, while Pt@PAA-MSNDOX system showed the highest activity in both cell lines It appears that this novel dual-loaded silica nanocarrier presents a great potential as a pH responsive delivery system for treatment of cancer. Mesoporous magnetic silica nanoparticles were described as novel system for magnetic resonance imaging and application in cancer chemotherapy Their surface was decorated with imidazoline functional groups that allowed conjugation with cis-diaquadiamino platinum(II) [49] (Figure 10). No significant proof was presented, though 195Pt NMR could be conclusive in such cases
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