Abstract
In this study, Kraft lignin was efficiently converted into aromatic monomers of arenes, aromatic alcohols, and aromatic aldehydes over nano molybdenum carbides catalysts supported on porous ZSM-22, ZSM-5, USY, Beta, and IM-5 zeolites in ethanol. The results showed that ZSM-22 exhibited the highest performance with maximum aromatic yield of 0.609 g/g Kraft lignin at 280 °C for 3 h with 20% Mo loading, and the catalytic performance over ZSM-22 retained for 4 recycling runs without obvious aromatic yield loss. The high activity over ZSM-22 zeolite is attributed to the high dispersion of β-Mo2C particles with more exposed active sites and enhanced accessibility of lignin to β-Mo2C in large pores. Aggregation of β-Mo2C for higher Mo loading is unfavorable for Kraft lignin decomposition. The performances over differently pretreated ZSM-22 zeolites demonstrate that large pore size and external surface areas are key factors in determining the catalytic activity.
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