Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained popularity in recent years owing to its established potential for application and implementation in various sectors such as medical drugs, medicine, catalysis, energy, material, and plant science. Nanoparticles (NPs) are smaller in size (1–100 nm) with a larger surface area and have many fruitful applications. The extraordinary functions of NPs are utilized in sustainable agriculture due to nano-enabled products, e.g., nano-insecticides, nano-pesticides, and nano-fertilizers. Nanoparticles have lately been suggested as an alternate method for controlling plant pests such as insects, fungi, and weeds. Several NPs exhibit antimicrobial properties considered in food packaging processes; for example, Ag-NPs are commonly used for such purposes. Apart from their antimicrobial properties, NPs such as Si, Ag, Fe, Cu, Al, Zn, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and carbon nanotubes have also been demonstrated to have negative impacts on plant growth and development. This review examines the field-use of nano-enabled products in sustainable agriculture, future perspectives, and growing environmental concerns. The remarkable information on commercialized nano-enabled products used in the agriculture and allied sectors are also provided.
Highlights
The world’s population presently stands at almost 7.9 billion (2021), with a significant proportion residing in developing countries, especially in Asia, with approximately 50%
Most of the nano-enabled products shown in the tables/figure do not reveale the used concentration, particle size, name, and synthesis methods of applied NPs
Nanoparticles could be transferred from root to leaf and leaf to root, entering into the food chain
Summary
The world’s population presently stands at almost 7.9 billion (2021), with a significant proportion residing in developing countries, especially in Asia, with approximately 50%. To accomplish the Zero Hunger goal, the United Nations’ aim for sustainable development to be reached by 2030, there is an urgent requirement for thorough variations in conventional agriculture practices. Such changes can be achieved by employing NTs innovations [6,7]. The rapid application of NPs has raised concern for soil microbiota, accumulation in plants, and the threat to human health via the food chain [19]. The review focuses on the possibilities of safe application of nano-enabled products for sustainable agriculture and raises environmental concerns
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