Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of material featuring between 10?9 and 10?7 of a meter. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is the latest advancement in pharmacology known for presenting multiple newer tools, opportunities and scope in drug delivery system having signi?cant applications in disease diagnostics and treatment. Nano drug delivery system comprised of nano-sized products which can be transformed in numerous ways to improve their characteristics by leading to prolonged circulation, improved drug localization and enhanced drug ef?cacy. The aim of this paper is to summarize the types of pharma nano-systems and nanoparticles commonly used in drug delivery system along with their advantages, disadvantages and health issues related to nano drug delivery. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nano Drug Delivery, Nanoparticles, Liposomes.
Highlights
Latin word “dwarf” had given origin to word “Nano”
In 1980s micelles and in 1990s co-polymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG-Polylysine has been successfully invented as drug delivery system
More recently it was United States who contributed in modern nanotechnology by launching world first program in the field of nanotechnology.[1,2,3,4]
Summary
Latin word “dwarf” had given origin to word “Nano”. Ideal size range offered by nanotechnology refers to one thousand millionth of a particular unit nanometer is one thousand millionth of a meter (i.e. 1 nm = 10−9 m). Polymeric nanoparticles are least toxic.[2,3,9,10,11] Liposomes: Liposomes are small artificial vesicles (50 – 100nm) with an aqueous core surrounded by a lipid bilayer (Fig. 2) and lipid nanostructures can protect their contents from the conditions within the body that can result in potential degradation They are developed from phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. The liposomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, increase solubility of drugs; improve pharmacokinetic properties such as rapid metabolism, reduction of side effects, and increase of an in-vitro and in-vivo anticancer activity and therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents Depending upon on their size and number of bilayers they are classified into three basic types: Multilamellar vesicles, small unilamellar vesicles (size 100 nm). Other similar vesicular structures include transferosomes, ethosomes, niosomes and marinosomes which are used mainly for transdermal delivery.[2,3,6,11,12,13]
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