Abstract
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, so any diseases or conditions which could cause damage to the aorta would put patients at considerable and life-threatening risk. In the management of aortic diseases, the major treatments include drug therapy, endovascular treatment, and surgical treatment, which are of great danger or with a poor prognosis. The delivery of nano-biomaterials provides a potential development trend and an emerging field where we could monitor patients’ conditions and responses to the nanotherapeutics. One of the putative applications of nanotechnology is ultrasensitive monitoring of cardiovascular markers by detecting and identifying aneurysms. Moreover, the use of nanosystems for targeted drug delivery can minimize the systemic side effects and enhance drug positioning and efficacy compared to conventional drug therapies. This review shows some examples of utilizing nano-biomaterials in in vitro organ and cell culture experiments and explains some developing technologies in delivering and monitoring regenerative therapeutics.
Highlights
Aortic diseases are generally defined as conditions that affect any part of the aorta, including the chest and abdomen
They used the nanoplatform composed of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive materials to target aneurysmal sites and can release therapeutic molecules when triggered by ROS
They demonstrated that EL-gold nanoparticles (GNPs) could be successfully targeted to degraded elastin in the diseased aorta, and the accumulation could indicate the level of injury, which is better than the extent of expansion assessed by imaging measurements
Summary
Aortic diseases are generally defined as conditions that affect any part of the aorta, including the chest (thoracic aorta) and abdomen (abdominal aorta). Nanoparticles (NPs), the particles in nanometric range (1–100 nm) and over 100 times smaller than human cells (Suri et al, 2007; Wilczewska et al, 2012; Au et al, 2016), are bioactive and mobile in both intraand extravascular systems (Buzea et al, 2007) They have shown significant potential to provide a platform for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents because of their unique multifunctionality, such as the high penetration, prolonged blood halflife, and image contrasting capacity; they can avoid removal by the reticuloendothelial system (Zhao et al, 2014; Au et al, 2016). The technologies in delivering and monitoring regenerative therapeutics based on nanotechnical approaches are discussed
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