Nano‐biomaterial and functional genomics research

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become a foremost research interest, which provides an opportunity to explore functional devices at nanometer regime and make it possible to design biomaterials compatible with nanoscale topography. The nanometric scaled topography of biomaterial plays a critical role in cellular stability and cell survival. This nanostructure surface has been shown to modulate diverse cellular responses of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. As for medical implant surface technology, this nano architecture structures may be beneficial for nano‐mechanical‐adaptation response which activates gene regulation involved in cytoskeleton remodelling of extracellular matrix alterations, plasma membrane modulations, locomotory behaviour, intracellular signalling response for cell metabolism in mechanosensitivity activities. On the other hand, for therapeutic research the present cell‐nano‐biomaterial study has provided profound understanding in regulation of cellular survival and cell growth signals, activation of DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms and activation of redox regulator pathways. More research should be conducted to explore nanomaterial–nanomolecular interactions by performing SNP and DNA methylation studies as this knowledge is important in explaining the gene regulation and self–renewal potential of nano‐biomaterial interaction in the cell systems. Furthermore, comprehensive study using confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with specific markers are needed for the understanding of cell migration on nano‐biomaterial surface especially on the cytoplasmic spreading behaviour involving filopodia and lamellipodia. Likewise, the metabolomics and bio‐kinetics of nanomaterial studies are also examples of important research areas to be explored. The valuable antioxidant properties of some nano‐biomaterials have created research gaps in product life cycle, circulatory system, half‐life of the antioxidant properties and other possible chemical reactions from the nanomaterials. Knowledge of these aspects will create opportunities for better understanding which may help researchers to develop better nano‐biomaterials products to be used in medicine and health‐line services.Support or Funding InformationThe author are thankful to the Ministry of Education (MOE) Malaysia for funding this work under Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS) grant no. 6769003 and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for USM‐Short Term Research Grant (304/CIPPT/6315073).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.