Abstract
Nano-size ferrites (NSF) are magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which have attracted great interest in the last decades owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, high saturation magnetization, initial permeability, etc. Nickel-copper-zinc ferrites are especially used in multi-layer chip inductors (MLCIs) which are found in mobile phones, camcorders, notebook computers, etc. MLCIs are composed of alternating layers of silver electrodes and soft ferrites. Thus, it is important to develop magnetic characteristics in ferrites for requiring less ferrite layers and hence to obtain further miniaturized devices. The goal of our study is to investigate the effect of rare earth substitution of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs substituted with rare earth metal (RE) ions Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+ in varying concentrations were obtained by a sonochemical method. We investigated the crystal structure, chemical bonding, morphology and magnetic characteristics of the Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), respectively. The phase purity of the samples was confirmed by the XRD analysis. Stretching vibrations of spinel ferrites were verified by the FT-IR analysis. VSM results reveal that the rare earth substitution has a significant effect on the magnetic properties of the Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs.
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