Abstract
This study discusses the roles of perennial crops in uplands where depletive agriculture is occurring, and analyzes desirable policies for developing sustainable agroforestry.Economic analysis indicates that a lower discount rate provides economic incentives with small-scale farmers in uplands to reduce food crops and increase perennial crops for cash income. Although the results of the household survey show that the profitability of clove production is much higher than that of food crops such as maize and cassava, upland farmers remain reluctant to invest in clove production and tend to keep food crop production.The count data regression analysis indicates that the number of clove trees is positively related to land area, land tenancy, education level, food availability, and total number of cattle. Therefore, small land size, food insecurity, lacks of education and financial assets are key constraints of a clove-based agroforestry system.
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