Abstract
Emergency seals are used when a ship at sea is undertaking repairs and checks to the working seals. Emergency seals are required not only to be highly reliable but also to assume the function of the working seal, as it may be that the ship is compelled to operate at sea for some time with the emergency seal if the working seal does not respond to efforts to repair it. Conventional emergency seals have consisted of rubber packings of the hollow type and they have been made operational by applying a pressure from the inside. In contrast to this, seals have lately been developed which use a rubber packing of the simple O-ring type, in which pressure is applied from the outside to provide equal shrinkage to the shaft side. It has been confirmed through a series of experiments that compared with the conventional types of seals, the new seals give higher reliability, stability, and better operation. .
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