基于国家生态足迹账户计算方法的福建省生态足迹研究

Abstract

运用国家生态足迹账户计算方法(2010版),计算并分析2000-2009年福建省的生态足迹和生态承载力,旨在展示国外生态足迹计算方法研究的最新进展,更准确地揭示近年来福建省的生态足迹和生态承载力状况。结果表明:2000-2009年福建省人均生态足迹由1.2902 gha^**快速增长至2.4925 gha;人均生态承载力由0.9772 gha轻微下降为0.9363 gha;生态赤字持续快速扩大,支撑经济发展由需要1.32倍的福建生态承载力变为需要2.66倍;碳吸收地在生态足迹结构中始终占据首位且呈快速扩大趋势,是福建生态赤字的主导因素;生态效率年均增长率大大低于地区生产总值年均增长率,目前福建生态效率还远低于主要发达国家。;Calculation Methodology for the National Footprint Accounts (the 2010 Edition) is adopted to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint and biological capacity of Fujian Province over 2000-2009. This study presents the latest improvements in calculation methodology for ecological footprint and manifests more precisely the evolution of ecological footprint and biological capacity in Fujian during the recent years. First, the calculation methodology is described in brief and the yield factors are calculated based on the province's characteristics of biological resources. Then, each component of ecological footprint and biocapacity in Fujian is calculated. Furthermore, the results are summed up and Fujian is compared with China, the world, and three country groups (divided by income levels) or some developed countries from four perspectives including ecological footprint, biocapacity, ecological balance, and eco-efficiency. Finally, having discussed the contributions and weaknesses of this study, some conclusions are reached: (1) during the period from 2000 to 2009 in Fujian, per capita footprint grew rapidly from 1.2902 gha to 2.4925 gha, and now the figure is equivalent to the average level of China but lower than that of the world average; (2) per capita biocapacity declined slightly from 0.9772 gha to 0.9363 gha, and it is now a bit higher than the average of China but lower than that of most other countries; (3) as ecological deficit expanded quickly, instead of 1.32 times of Fujian's biocapacity, 2.66 times of Fujian's biocapacity was required to support the province's economic development; (4) as carbon uptake land was the largest contributor to total ecological footprint among the footprint components and its magnificence rose quickly, it was a dominant factor resulting in ecological deficit; (5) annual growth rate of eco-efficiency in Fujian calculated based on ecological footprint was much lower than that of the province's GDP, and eco-efficiency there is now much lower than that of the developed countries. The policy implications include that: (1) since ecological deficit will continue in the medium to long term in Fujian, the province's economic development will have to rely on international or regional trade to overcome its shortage in biological resources; (2) the key to slowing down ecological deficit growth is to restrain the rapid growth of carbon emissions, and the major countermeasures are to improve energy productivity and to enlarge the share of clean energy in energy structure; (3) greater efforts should be made by the government to optimize land use and improve land productivity to slow down biocapacity decrease in that province.