转基因油菜与野芥菜混作对土壤线虫群落的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 转基因油菜与野芥菜混作对土壤线虫群落的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201401210157 作者: 作者单位: 中国环境科学研究院 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京,中国环境科学研究院 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2013-YSKY-16);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31200288) Effect of interspecific mixed cropping between transgenic oilseed rape and wild mustard on soil nematode communities Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment，Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:随着转基因作物在全球的广泛种植,转基因作物对非靶标生物的影响受到人们的广泛关注。转Bt基因抗虫作物与非转基因作物种间混作是避免昆虫产生抗性的一种生态防御策略,但混作对非靶标生物尤其是土壤线虫影响研究较少。设置不同比例的转基因油菜(Brassica napus)与野芥菜(B. juncea)混作5种处理,包括处理A、B、C、D、E分别为转基因油菜和野芥菜比例0 : 100;25 : 75;50 : 50;75 : 25;100 : 0,调查不同生育期土壤线虫种类与数量变化。结果表明,在油菜与野芥菜生育期内,不同处理线虫优势类群均为拟丽突属Acrobeloides和真滑刃属Aphelenchus,各处理线虫属数由多到少顺序为处理B(30属) >处理C(28属) >处理A(26属) >处理D和处理E(25属)。线虫生活史策略(c-p值)组成一致,各处理间线虫生活史组成不存在明显差异。不同处理的线虫总数以及各营养类群均无显著差异,线虫群落生态指数亦无显著差异,但不同采样时期间线虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、均匀度指数、成熟度指数和线虫通路指数差异显著。结果表明转基因油菜与野芥菜单作和混作短期内不影响土壤线虫群落结构。 Abstract:As genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated worldwide, the effects of GM crops on non-target organisms are of concern. Interspecific mixed cropping between transgenic and non-transgenic crops is generally regarded as a strategy against insects to minimize the development of resistance to otherwise insect-resistant transgenic crops. The toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is introduced into the soil primarily through root exudates and by the incorporation of plant residues after harvest, with probable help from pollen. Such incorporation of the toxin poses potential risks to soil organisms, including microbes, nematodes, collembolans, and other invertebrates. However, its effects on non-target soil organisms have rarely been assessed. We evaluated the effect on soil nematodes of mixed cropping with transgenic canola Brassica napus L. expressing Bt and wild brown mustard B. juncea. The abundance and genera composition of soil nematodes in the flowering and fruiting period of canola were investigated in five mixed proportions of transgenic canola and wild brown mustard: 0 : 100 (A), 25 : 75 (B), 50 : 50 (C), 75 : 25 (D), and 100 : 0 (E). The results showed the following order of genera composition with each treatment: B (30 genera) > C (28 genera) > A (26 genera) > D and E (25 genera). The dominant nematode genera were Acrobeloides and Aphelenchus, accounting for 37.4% and 12.3% of total abundance, respectively. The common and rare groups belonging to 13 and 19 genera accounted for 47.9% and 2.39% of the total, respectively. Hirschmanniella appeared only in treatment C. Tylenchus and Heterodera appeared only in treatments A and B. Depending on the trophic structure based on the functional group, fungivorous nematodes formed the largest proportion at 47.5%, followed by bacterivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous-predatory nematodes at 33.7%, 14%, and 4.8% of the total, respectively. The colonizer-persister (c-p) values of nematodes had the same composition among the five treatments. Further, similar life histories were noted following the treatments. The total number of nematodes was in the range of 141.5-756.0/100 cm3. The total abundance and number of four feeding types of nematodes were not significantly different among treatments. The generic composition and community parameters of nematodes did not differ significantly among the five treatments. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Simpson index (λ), and evenness index (J') of soil nematode communities showed no significant differences among treatments on May 20. However, treatment D showed a high diversity index, dominance, and evenness index on July 4, and the highest Simpson index and evenness index on August 22. Nematode maturity index (MI) was in the range of 2.15-3.63; nematode channel ratio (NCR) was 0.28-0.57 for the three sampling times in each treatment. Thus, the H', λ, J', MI, and NCR of the nematodes varied with time. These results suggest that sole cropping or mixed cropping of transgenic canola with wild brown mustard had no short-term impact on the soil nematode community. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献