特別養護老人ホームの火災時における入所者の避難行動能力と職員の介助能力についての研究

Abstract

The objective of this inveatigation/study is to establish some kind of system to evaluate to what extent staff and others at welfare institutions can manage to safely take out the aged people who are unable to asecape by themselves when a fire breaks out. We have conducted the following survey, based on our preliminary plan, at special nuesing homes for the aged people. 1) We observed the escaping ability of all patients/residents in case of a fire through fire escape drills at one institution. According to tha result, it was found that 84 percent of patients/residents were not capable of self-escape, and that rescue at night was more difficult. 2) Conducting fire escape drills, we confirmed the following. It was possible to take out all of them safely during the daytime when enough staffs were available. On the other hand, in the evening only a partial rescue was possible, which necessitated the help of people in the neighborhood. Also, at least two escape hatches on a floor were needed. 3) Inspecting both visible and invisible dangerous factors in the buildings, we found that hoses form indoor fireplugs impeded smooth evacuation, that two-directions for fire escape were not adequately provided, and other problems. We discussed countermeasures for these problems.