Abstract
In the early Qing Dynasty, the academy followed the Ming Dynasty's lecture style, limited to the houses of the academies. The students of the academies were small and relatively stable, and there was no quota system for students. With the development of the system of academy allowances and rewards, the academy began to have the number of allowances and awards. The system of allowances and rewards is combined with the resident student, co-created a fixed number of students in the academy. In the middle of the Qing dynasty, the examination system gradually became the dominant system of the academy. The quota system included a fixed number of students, the number of allowances and normal awards. The “extra” system has become popular, The system of allowances and rewards based on the results of each test and the number of special awards began to appear. In the late Qing dynasty, the system of allowances and rewards based on the results of each test and the number of special awards beg an to become popular. The scale of the “extra” system kept g rowing . At the same time, At the same time, the emergence of new types of academies also led to new changes in the academy student quota system. Hunan province is an important region for the development of academies in the Qing dynasty. Taking Hunan province as the center to clarify the student quota system of academies in the Qing dynasty and its chang es is of great significance for answering questions such as what is the academy learning experience, how to determine academy students, how to determine the size of academy students.
 
 청대 초기 서원은 명대의 강학 풍조를 계승하였다. 서원의 재사(齋舍)와 같은 환경적 제한으로 인해, 서원의 졸업 규모는 비교적 적으면서도 안정적이었기에 생도의 정원에 관한 제도는 없었다. 서원의 고장(膏獎) 제도의 발전에 힘입어, 고화액(膏火額), 장상액(獎賞額) 제도가 출현하였다. 고장 제도는 또한고정생액(固定生額), 고화액(膏火額), 상과장상(常課獎賞) 등으로 겸비되었다. ‘액외(額外)’ 제도 또한 유행하기 시작하였으며, ‘수과고장(隨課膏獎)’, 전과장상액(專課獎賞額) 또한 출현하기 시작했다. 청대 말기에 이르러, ‘수과고장’ 제도 및 전과장상액 제도가 유행하면서 ‘액외’ 규모 또한 지속 확장되었다. 이와동시에, 신식 서원의 출현 또한 서원의 생도 정원 제도에 새로운 변화를 가져다주었다. 호남은 청대 서원 발전에 있어 중심 지역으로서, 호남을 중심으로청대 서원의 생도 정원 제도 및 그 변화를 파악해본다면 서원의 학습 이수가어떻게 이루어졌는지, 그리고 서원의 졸업생을 어떻게 확정하였는지, 심지어서원 졸업생의 규모를 어떻게 특정하였는지 등의 의문에 대한 의미 있는 답안을 도출할 수 있을 것이다.
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