主小行星带对火星轨道长期动力学影响评估

Abstract

<p indent="0mm">The successful implementation of the Tianwen-1 mission marks that China is moving toward a deeper space beyond the moon, facing a more complex space dynamics environment, and the difficulty of deep space exploration will continue to increase. The main belt asteroids (MBAs) are adjacent to Mars, and the perturbation by MBAs is hard to fully consider, effecting the accuracy of the Mars orbital dynamics parameters. Thus, it will indirectly affect the construction of a high-precision solar system ephemeris and the Mars exploration missions. This paper analyzes the distribution feature of MBAs based on the Nesvorný asteroid library. The dynamic environment of the whole solar system with MBAs was established to evaluate MBA’s perturbation influence. The results show that the difference between the ten-year integral orbits of the inner solar system planets and DE421 is less than <sc>15 m,</sc> and the integral difference of Mars’ orbits reaches<sc>100 m.</sc> Based on the point-mass model, the one-ring model and the latest six-ring model, the influence of MBAs on the orbit of Mars is estimated, and the orbit error of <sc>10 years</sc> is about <sc>2 km,</sc><sc> 31.3 m,</sc> and <sc>2 m,</sc> respectively. Further, the joint solution of the ring model and the orbital parameters of the planets is discussed, which confirms that the residuals of Mars-Earth distance with the fitted ring model can theoretically be reduced to sub-meters. The error in the <italic>Z</italic>-axis of the planet’s orbit is large if use only the range measurement.